Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates
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Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates
Alexandrium tamarense

Literature

  • Adachi, M., Y. Sako, A. Uchida and Y. Ishida 1995. Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) define species of the genus Alexandrium. In: P. Lassus, G. Arzul, E. Erard, P. Gentien and C. Marcaillou (eds), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms, Lavoisier, Intercept Ltd: 15-20.
  • Balech, E. 1971b. Microplancton del Atlantico Ecuatorial Oeste (Equalant I). Servicio de Hidrografia Nava, Buenos Aries H 654: 1-103.
  • Balech, E. 1985b. The genus Alexandrium or Gonyaulax of the tamarensis group. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 33-38.
  • Balech, E. 1995. The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata), Sherkin Island Marine Station, Ireland. 151 pp.
  • Balech, E. and K. Tangen 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae): Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343.
  • Bicknell, W.J. and D.C. Walsh 1975. The first 'red tide' in recorded Massachusetts history: managing an acute and unexpectd public health emergency. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 447-458.
  • Bolch, C.J. and G.M. Hallegraeff 1990. Dinoflagellate cysts in Recent marine sediments from Tasmania, Australia. Bot. Mar. 33: 173-192.
  • Braarud, T. 1945. Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures (Porella perforata, Goniaulax tamarensis, Protoceratium reticulatum). Avh. Utgitt. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 1-18.
  • Dale, B., C.M. Yentsch and J.W. Hurst 1978. Toxicity in resting cysts of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gonyaulax excavata from deeper water coastal sediments. Science 201: 1223-1223.
  • Fukuyo, Y. 1985. Morphology of Protogonyaulax tamarensis (Lebour) and Protogonyaulax catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Taylor from Japanese coastal waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 37: 533-534.
  • Fukuyo, Y., H. Takano, M. Chihara and K. Matsuoka 1990. Red Tide Organisms in Japan. An Illustrated Taxonomic Guide. Uchida Rokakuho, Co., Ltd., Tokyo. 407 pp.
  • Fukuyo, Y., K. Yoshida and H. Inoue 1985. Protogonyaulax in Japanese coastal waters. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 27-32.
  • Fukuyo, Y., P. Pholpunthin and K. Yoshida 1988. Protogonyaulax (Dinophyceae) in the Gulf of Thailand. Bull. Plank. Soc. Jpn. 35: 9-20.
  • Hallegraeff, G.M. 1991. Aquaculturists Guide to Harmful Australian Microalgae. Fishing Industry Training Board of Tasmania/CSIRO Division of Fisheries, Hobart, 111 pp.
  • Hallegraeff, G.M., C.J. Bolch, S.I. Blackburn and Y. Oshima 1991. Species of the toxigenic dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in southeastern Australian waters. Bot. Mar. 34: 575-587.
  • Hayashi, T., Y. Shimizu and A.W. White 1982. Toxin profile of herbivorous zooplankton during a Gonyaulax bloom in the Bay of Fundy. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 1673.
  • Hurst, J.W., Jr. 1975. History of paralytic shellfish poisoning on the Maine coast 1958-1974. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 525-528.
  • Larsen, J. and O. Moestrup 1989. Guide to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Marine Algae. The Fish Inspection Service, Ministry of Fisheries, Copenhagen. 61 pp.
  • Lebour, M.V. 1925. The Dinoflagellates of Northern Seas. Marine Biol. Assoc. U.K., Plymouth. 250 pp.
  • Loeblich III, A.R. and L.A. Loeblich 1979. The systematics of Gonyaulax with special reference to the toxic species. In: Taylor, D.L. and H.H. Seliger (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North Holland, New York: 41-46.
  • Loeblich, L.A. and A.R. Loeblich, III 1975. The organism causing New England red tides: Gonyaulax excavata. In: V.R. LoCicero (ed), Proc. First Int. Conf. Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Massachusetts Sci. Tech. Found., Wakefield: 207-224.
  • Moestrup, O. and P.J. Hansen 1988. On the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (= Gonyaulax excavata) and A. ostenfeldii in Danish and Faroese waters. Ophelia 28: 195-213.
  • Mortensen, A.M. 1985. Massive fish mortalities in the Faroe Islands caused by a Gonyaulax excavata red tide. In: Anderson, D.M., A.W. White and D.G. Baden (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 165-170.
  • Ogata, T. and M. Kodama 1986. Ichthyotoxicity found in cultured media of Protogonyaulax spp. Mar. Biol. 92: 31-34.
  • Ogata, T., M. Kodama, Y. Fukuyo, T. Inoue, H. Kamiya, F. Matsuura, K. Sekiguchi and S. Watanabe 1982. The occurrence of Protogonyaulax spp. in Ofunato Bay, in association with the toxification of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish.48: 563-566.
  • Oshima, Y., L.J. Buckley, M. Alam and Y. Shimizu 1977. Heterogeneity of paralytic shellfish poisons. Three new toxins from cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells, Mya arenaria and Saxidomus giganteus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 57C: 31-34.
  • Oshima, Y., T. Yasumoto, M. Kodama, T. Ogata, Y. Fukuyo and F. Matsuura 1982. Features of paralytic shellfish poison occurring in Tohoku District. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48: 525-530.
  • Reyes-Vasquez, G., E. Ferraz-Reyes and E. Vasquez 1979. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms in northeastern Venezuela during 1977. In: D.L. Taylor and H.H. Seliger (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North Holland, New York: 191-194.
  • Shimizu, Y., M. Alam, Y. Oshima and W.E. Fallon 1975. Presence of four toxins in red tide infested clams and cultured Gonyaulax tamarensis cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66: 731-737.
  • Silva, E.S. 1962. Some observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures. Not. E. Estud. Instit. Biol. Marit. 26: 1-26.
  • Steidinger, K.A. and K. Tangen 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (ed), Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, New York: 387-598.
  • Tamiyavanich, S., M. Kodama and Y. Fukuyo 1985. The occurrence of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand. In: D.M. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 521-524.
  • Taylor, F.J.R. 1979b. The toxigenic gonyaulacoid dinoflagellates. In: Taylor, D.L. and H.H. Seliger (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North-Holland, New York: 47-56.
  • Taylor, F.J.R., Y. Fukuyo and J. Larsen 1995. Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In: G.M. Hallegraeff, D.M. Anderson and A.D. Cembella (eds), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33. UNESCO, France: 283-317.
  • Turpin, D.H., P.E.R. Dobell and F.J.R. Taylor 1978. Sexuality and cyst formation in Pacific strains of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis. J. Phycol. 14: 235-238.
  • White, A.W. 1980. Recurrence of kills of Atlantic hering caused by dinoflagellate toxins transferred through herbivorous zooplankton. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 2262-2265.
  • Yentsch, C.M., B. Dale and J.W. Hurst 1978. Coexistence of toxic and nontoxic dinoflagellates resembling Gonyaulax tamarensis in New England coastal waters (NW Atlantic). J. Phycol. 14: 330.

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