Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates
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Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates
Alexandrium ostenfeldii

Literature

  • Balech, E. 1971b. Microplancton del Atlantico Ecuatorial Oeste (Equalant I). Servicio de Hidrografia Nava, Buenos Aries H 654: 1-103.
  • Balech, E. 1995. The Genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata), Sherkin Island Marine Station, Ireland. 151 pp.
  • Balech, E. and K. Tangen 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae): Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343.
  • Braarud, T. 1945. Morphological observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures (Porella perforata, Goniaulax tamarensis, Protoceratium reticulatum). Avh. Utgitt. Nor. Vidensk. Akad. Oslo Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 11: 1-18.
  • Cembella, A.D., J.-C. Therriault and P. Beland 1988. Toxicity of cultured isolates and natural populations of Protogonyaulax tamarensis from the St. Lawrence estuary. J. Shellfish Res. 7: 611-621.
  • Cembella, A.D., J.J. Sullivan, G.L. Boyer, F.J.R. Taylor and R.J. Anderson 1987. Variation in paralytic shellfish toxin composition within the Protogonyaulax tamarensis/catenella species complex; red tide dinoflagellates. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 15: 171-186.
  • Cembella, A.D., N.I. Lewis and M.A. Quilliam 2000. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins. Phycologia 39: 67-74.
  • Dodge, J.D. 1981. Three new generic names in the Dinophyceae: Heteraulacus, Sclerodinium, and Triadinium to replace Heteraulacus and Goniodoma. Brit. Phycol. J. 16: 273-280.
  • Fraga, S. and F.J. Sanchez 1985. Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates in Galician Rias (NW Spain). In: D. Anderson, A.W. White and D.G. Baden (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellates, Elsevier, New York: 51-55.
  • Hansen, P.J., A.D. Cembella and O. Moestrup 1992. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: Paralytic shellfish toxin concentration, composition, and toxicity to a tintinnid ciliate. J. Phycol. 28: 597-603.
  • Jensen, M. and O. Moestrup 1997. Autecology of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: life history and growth at different temperatures and salinities. Eur. J. Phycol. 32: 9-18.
  • Konovalova, G.V. 1993. Toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates from the far east coastal waters of Russia. In: Smayda, T.J. and Y. Shimizu (eds), Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea, Elsevier, Amsterdam: 275-279.
  • Larsen, J. and O. Moestrup 1989. Guide to Toxic and Potentially Toxic Marine Algae. The Fish Inspection Service, Ministry of Fisheries, Copenhagen. 61 pp.
  • Levasseur, M., L. Berard-Therriault, E. Bonneau and S. Roy 1998. Distribution of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. In: Reguera, B., J. Blanco, M.L. Fernandez and T. Wyatt (eds), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Spain: 54-57.
  • Loeblich III, A.R. and L.A. Loeblich 1979. The systematics of Gonyaulax with special reference to the toxic species. In: Taylor, D.L. and H.H. Seliger (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North Holland, New York: 41-46.
  • Loeblich, A.R. III 1970. The amphiesma or dinoflagellate cell covering. Proc. N. Am. Paleont. Conv. 1969. G: 867-929.
  • Mackenzie, L., D. White, Y. Ohima and J. Kapa 1996. The resting cyst and toxicity of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in New Zealand. Phycologia: 35: 148-155.
  • Moestrup, O. and P.J. Hansen 1988. On the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (= Gonyaulax excavata) and A. ostenfeldii in Danish and Faroese waters. Ophelia 28: 195-213.
  • Parke, M. and J.D. Dodge 1976. Dinophyta, In: M. Parke and P.S. Dixon (eds), Check-list of British Marine Algae-Third Revision. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 56: 542-551.
  • Paulsen, O. 1904. Plankton-investigations in the waters around Iceland in 1903. Medd. Kommn. Havunders. Kcbenh. Ser. Plankton 1: 1-40.
  • Steidinger, K.A. and K. Tangen 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: C.R. Tomas (ed), Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates, Academic Press, New York: 387-598.
  • Taylor, F.J.R. 1979b. The toxigenic gonyaulacoid dinoflagellates. In: Taylor, D.L. and H.H. Seliger (eds), Toxic Dinoflagellate Blooms, Elsevier / North-Holland, New York: 47-56.
  • Taylor, F.J.R., Y. Fukuyo and J. Larsen 1995. Taxonomy of harmful dinoflagellates. In: G.M. Hallegraeff, D.M. Anderson and A.D. Cembella (eds), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, IOC Manuals and Guides No. 33. UNESCO, France: 283-317.
  • Woloszynska, J. and W. Conrad 1939. Pyrodinium phoneus n. sp., agent de la toxicite des moules du canal maritime de Bruges a Zeebruge. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. 15: 1-5.

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